Maize yield and components as influenced by environment. It actually takes a lot of years to gain experience. The control of maize diseases is very important as a. Agronomic practices for irrigated corn v20100215 2010 purdue univ. Maize can be grown under varied climatic and soil conditions. Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of. The techniques were successful for a longseason, day lengthsensitive variety of maize. The maize kemel, like that of other cereal grains, includes pericarp 6%, endosperm 82% and germ 12% watson, 1987. Many new zealand soils require some form of cultivation to create a uniform seed bed.
Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Management of hybrid maize seed production fields 19 1. Depending on the variety, maize may contain a number of important b vitamins, folic acid, vitamin c, and provitamin a i. It can grow in a wide range of agroecological zones in kenya ranging from. Producing high maize yields on existing cultivated land is the surest way of generating the extrarequired maize because there is limited scope for expanding cultivated land. Introduction this booklet lists the forage maize varieties that are considered most suitable for growing under irish conditions. A number of indian maize varieties like rudrapur have shown a high degree of resistance to the bacterial stalkrot and other diseases to which a majority of the exotic varieties are highly susceptible. Maize zea mays, called corn in some regions of the world, is a grass of tropical origin that has become the major grain crop in the world in terms of total. America produces 32 percent of the worlds maize crop, making it the global leader in maize production.
Pdf cultivation practices and production constraints of maize. These include soil moisture levels, soil types and previous crop residues. Ahmednagar district identically suitable to large scale of maize cultivation and farmers of this area are cultivating maize crop on large scale. Pdf maize has become one of the most important food and feed crops in bangladesh. Cultivation methods vary widely but there are some basic factors that need to be considered when looking at the options. Economics of production and marketing of kharif maize in. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center.
The present investigation was attempted to study the resource use structure, resource use productivities, cost of cultivation, marketing of maize and constraints in production and marketing of maize. Maize, scientific name zea mays, also known as corn or mieliemealie, is one of the most extensively cultivated cereal crops on earth. Effects of organic and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize. Name of implementing pakanyi brain injury group organization contact address co p. Maize cultivation in the federal states of germany 1998 subdivided into the utilization forms silage maize, grain maize and corn cob mix source. Spring maize can be planted in the first week of february to first week of march or from middecember to midmarch and for autumn maize sowing time from midmay to august. The 2016 maize recommended list is based on data collected from dafm trials from 20 to 2015.
Maize field guide maize crop development, pests and diseases. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the european union. More maize is produced, by weight, than any other grain, and almost every country on earth cultivates maize commercially for a variety of uses. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. As a result of these uses, increasing population and economic development, maize grain demand is continually increasing.
Maize farming may be a simple business to start but behind it are requirements needed to gain success. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. The average sowing and harvesting dates for these trials was 16th april and 19th october respectively. In this article we will discuss about the origin and cultivation of maize.
Depending on the variety, maize may contain a number of important b vitamins, folic acid, vitamin c. Farmers are particularly interested to produce more of. To refer to or to cite this work, please use the citation to the. It is an unusual type of maize each kernel of which enclosed within the lemma and palea which are well develop waxy maize. Dr bhag singh has taken considerable pains to collect material from a region inhabited by people of varied ethnic groups, rich in culture and tradition. Pakanyi brain injury group 1 name of proposal maize farming project maize production. Research \vork on maize cultivation has been initiated recently, but lack of. The ideal soils for its cultivation are the loams and sandy loams which should be fertile, deep and welldrained. On average, tithonia treatments with or without half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer gave the highest grain yield 5. Isbn 79251085196 the book can be downloaded in pdf from.
Hybrid maize technologies available for commercial production 10 1. World population is expected to continue to grow as the estimated population of 7. Maize is one of the most abundant food crops in nigeria. Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. While the usa produces almost half of the worlds harvest, other top producing countries are as widespread as china, brazil, france, indonesia, and south africa. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region.
The global demand for maize imports continues to increase. Tomato profit per acre, cost of cultivation, yield in india. Pdf a working manual on cultivation of maize in the summer. Maize production, productivity and profitability are crucial for.
History of maize while land plants have existed on earth for nearly 500 million years, maize in the form that we are accustomed to today has only existed for approximately 6000 years. Its grain provides food and is used for obtaining starch and glucose. A wide range of legumemaize intercrops have been found to respond better to two rows of legume after one row of maize odhiambo and ariga, 2001. Beetles feed on pollen and clip silks in the process, interfering with pollination. In pakistan maize crop is mainly grown in two seasons i. Techniques for the vegetative progapation of maize are described. Genetic modification of maize has been occurring for thousands of years. Maize can grow on a wide range of soils though it performs best in well drained and well aerated loam or silty loams or alluvial soils with a ph of 5. Maize is also recognized by different synonyms such as zea, corn, silk corn etc.
Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. About 80% is consumed by man and animals while 20% is utilized in variety of industries processes for production of starch, oil high fructose, corn sweetener, ethanol, cereal and alkaline. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the usa, which produces nearly 57 per cent or the total maize grown in the world as compared to about 1. Maize consists of 71% starch, 9% protein and 4% oil on a dry weight basis. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. The grains unusually small pointed and contain an even higher per cent of hard starch than flint maize pod maize. October 20th 2016 authorised signatory agriculture skill council of india valid up to. Nutritional components paleontological research institution. Effect of intercrop row arrangement on maize and haricot.
Maize cultivation is limited by diseases which cause grain loss of about 11% of the total production. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. Despite the economic importance of maize to the teeming populace in nigeria, it has not been produced to meet food and industrial needs of the country. Scientists believe that maize is derived from an earlier ancestral plant called teosinte. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout america with 332 million metric tons per annum in us alone. Maize hybrids differed in its productivity as well as its response to nitrogen fertilization, also, growth parameters were affected by maize hybrids chaudhry et al. Primary root aborts after germination, and is replaced by fibrous adventitious ones from the base of stem.
It is however susceptible to frost at all stages of its growth. The cultivation and harvesting of maize in india maize. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Therefore, for higher economic yield of maize, application of 10 t fym ha1, 1015 days prior to sowing supplemented with 150180 kg n, 7080 kg p2o5, 7080 kg. Maize yield and components as influenced by environment and. Seed rate seed rate for hybrid maize is 8 10 kg per acre in the case of ridges sowing. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol.
Maize does well on a wide range of climatic conditions, and it is grown in the tropical as well as temperate regions, from sealevels up to altitudes of 2500m. Introduction corn, commonly known as maize zea mays l. Knowing the fact that maize is commonly used in different area especially as a food supply to a lot of countries. Maize was domesticated in mesoamerica, in the region that is now mexico.
Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. It spread to the rest of the world after european contact with the americas in the late 15th and early 16th century. Since crop arrangement is a function of plant density, there is therefore, higher light interception at. Larvae feed on maize roots, causing physiological injury and weakened root systems. C310 hybrid in plant height, number of green leavesplant and ear leaf areaplant moharram, 2011. Maize is the most abundant crop grown in the united states. Antinutrients survey of three maize varieties consumed in abakaliki, metropolis nigeria ugwu okechukwu p c1, nwodo okwesili f c1, joshua parker e1, bawa abubakar2, ossai emmanuel c1, odo christian e1 and afiukwa celestine a3 research paper three major maize varieties found in abakiliki metropolis in nigeria namely the pop corn, white. Nutritional components one of the reasons maize is a staple food across the world is its high nutritional value, with high levels of starch and also valuable proteins and oils. Maize is an inferior grain which is used both as food and fodder. Pdf effects of maize and winter wheat grown under different.
Flour soft maize as kernels, which are compose entirely of soft starch pop corn. It can grow in a wide range of agroecological zones in kenya ranging from 02200 m above sea level depending on variety. The aim of the study was to compare the activity and functional biodiversity in soil under two different cereals. He has studied this material at delhi and compiled the information contained in this monograph. Response of maize to applied organic manures is notable and hence integrated nutrient management inm is very important nutrient management strategy in maize based production systems. Center of origin mexico, central america earliest plant breeders women important source of human and animal sustenance the miracle of maize is manifested in the thousands of ways that the grain has been used for years. The main structural component of the endosperm is starch, a complex carbohydrate that corresponds on average to 71% of the grain and is a source of concentrated energy.
809 1481 1215 1403 428 775 1295 1239 1256 692 751 16 673 1299 1351 822 703 1352 808 981 1086 402 71 785 953 214 79 169 762 626 828 1025 726 1461 263 1010 1148 807 409 1249